1) AI. The car independently makes decisions and drives itself. 2) Networks. The car communicates with a grid to make decisions.
Why did we go for #1? Well, thats easy, capitalism. Consider:
AI: - Company gets to own the intellectual property to form a temporary monopoly. - Easier to sidestep governments involvement. - No need to build large infrastructure
Networks: - Shared, less opportunity for monopoly formation. - Will need the government to cooperate. Governments are slows.
If I had to guess, we will eventually go the network route. The research used for AI will drive safety features and failsafes, but not the meet of it. Anyways, why accelerate a line of stopped cars one at a time with autonomous vehicles when you could accelerate the entire line of cars simultaneously with a networked setup?