>Reverse Osmosis Systems will remove common chemical contaminants (metal ions, aqueous salts), including sodium, chloride, copper, chromium, and lead; may reduce arsenic, fluoride, radium, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, nitrate, and phosphorous.
https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/home-water-treatme...
Seems about as close as you can get to completely clean water.
Hilariously inefficient use of energy, but I think the only contaminants you are likely to encounter would be... nitrous oxide (N2O)?
As I understand it electrolysis of water converts chloride salts (table salt) to chlorine gas (poisonous), fluoride salts (rarer) to fluoride gas (really poisonous), etc.
So to promote electrolysis, add KOH or NaOH (lye) instead of NaCl (table salt). Or don't add anything, and let your charge carriers be H3O+ and HCO3- from dissolved CO2.
The chlorine will come off first, and if you have a reducible anode, it will attack that first. If you have a graphite anode, you will get Cl2, which will oxidize pure hydrogen just fine. You'll get HCl in the combustion, which isn't dangerous when diluted (it's the same acid that's produced in your stomach).
Fluorine gas is not produced from aqueous fluoride salts because the oxygen is always oxidized first.
The half-reactions:
2 H2O + 2 e- --> H2 + 2 [OH-] (-0.83 V)
2 H2O --> O2 + 4 [H+] + 4 e- (-1.23 V)
2 [Cl-] --> Cl2 + 2 e- (-1.36 V)
2 [F-] --> F2 + 2 e- (-2.87 V)
2 F2 (g) + 2 H2O (l) --> 4 HF (aq) + O2 (g)
By the redox half-reactions, it looks like oxygen should be produced before chlorine, but there is also something called "overpotential" at the electrode. On a graphite electrode, the activation overpotentials for H2, O2, and Cl2 are -0.62V, +0.95V, and +0.12V, respectively. There is also a "bubble overpotential" of the tiny bubbles that form on the electrode. That pushes the preference towards chlorine gas. Tiny oxygen bubbles will form, but the energy required to grow them large enough to detach from the electrode and rise to the surface exceeds that required to form and grow a chlorine bubble.
Though as you stated it still doesn't solve root cause.
Plus remineralization isn't as effective as you would think. Most of the minerals removed by RO can't be easily reintroduced as they aren't readily dissolved.
I've been eating plant based whole food lately and at 1903 kcals yesterday I managed (per Cronometer):
- 646.4mg of calcium
- 636.1mg of magnesium
- 785.1mg of sodium
Which are the 3 big ones in common tap water. Even if you factor in a 25% error margin, through my diet I'm getting way more than I would drinking random tap water.