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> So if this attack is developed today, then you should assume that NSA has been able to execute this attack for at least ten years already whenever it suited them, including mass surveilance of random not-that-important people.

They might be 10 years ahead on the algorithms side, but they aren't 10 years ahead on the hardware side. Also, spending 45k today gets you a single collision. That is hardly going to be useful for mass surveillance.

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Other declassified documents of the past showed they were years ahead on hardware, too. The NRE costs got so high that commodity hardware got preferable in the general case. That said, they can still throw money at ASIC's, FPGA's, semi-custom versions of Intel/AMD CPU's, maybe same for GPU's, and so on.

They have access to better and more hardware than most threat actors.

They may have been though - there's talk of liquid helium tens+ of gigahertz (8-bit) processors being purpose built (in 2002). The National Cryptologic Museum next door to NSA HQ is a fascinating place and has some very cool displays to include a large disk changer and a piece of a cooling system. There's a PDF at [1] but the discussion at [2] I think might give a better idea.

[1]: https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/nsa/sta.pdf [2]: https://it.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=485458&cid=22736288

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