Tribes, religion, monarchy and communism all failed to greater or lesser extent before they could take the planet down with them. Their built-in faults were such that they did not need to be reined in before they self destructed.

But capitalism is so successful by the one metric that matters to it - money - that it has the potential to destroy everything else whilst still maximizing for that one metric. The concentrating effects of wealth make this even more likely. After all, people will rarely bite the hand that feeds them, guaranteeing docility whilst marching them right into the abyss.