What would solve it? Or rather, what is the best defensive measure these days?
What would solve it? Or rather, what is the best defensive measure these days?
Even the reputation-based stuff is laughable and one can hide a Puppeteer instance with good originating networks, and spoofing a ton of details in the browser. Even if that's a no-go you can also automate plain-old-Chromium/Chrome with extensions and run it in a headless session through something like Xpra. I'm experimenting with Firefox solutions as well.
All-in-all, I've never been stopped - and that's not me stroking my ego... there's TONS of resources out there for this stuff that are just a DuckDuckGo search away.
The biggest thing is if they start aggressively fingerprinting bots, they're going to start blocking user real people. It's all based on a score - and getting a good score is just a matter of a credible proxy, CAPTCHA bypassing services, and making a browser look highly credible.
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For a "real" answer of some value - as a web developer myself, I'd try to make it as expensive as possible for them. Which specifically would be to implement a non-standard CAPTCHA solution and do rate/conversion-limiting per-network. The reason I didn't say this up-front is because it's not a solid solution - it's just increasing the barrier of difficulty and cost for those that are trying to automate around your solution.