It wouldn't prevent leaving the Earth, passing through LEO after a Kessler event wouldn't be unreasonably dangerous because you're not there for long. This means you could still go to the Moon, or to Mars, if you've got any reason to do so.
It wouldn't prevent us putting satellites into higher orbits, in particular the GEO communications satellites are so ludicrously much further up than LEO that to say Kessler would inhibit GEO is as if you imagined that a blocked storm drain in your street might lead to Mount Everest being covered by the rising water.
Once we are launch 1000s of satellites we are defiantly going to have servicing satellites out there. Refueling, orbital maneuvers and so on.
Even in the worst case, decades is still not that crazy. The locations are known and can be avoid.
This is a problem, but really not any kind of gigantic issue that should stop progress.