And every single one is built on Electron, takes hundreds of megabytes to install, some gigabytes to build while claiming to be "minimal".
> I don't really understand why they're useful
The rendered view usually looks eye-candy which is a factor of inspiration. E.g. I experience immediate emotional reward as soon as I write something in Typora, it feels like calligraphy while is effortless. It's a dopamine trigger which can encourage you to structure and write the stuff down which is good for productivity.
This also means you can produce pretty-looking structured documents while storing them in a concise format which is trivial to both read and to process on almost every machine. You can also use a script to turn an markdown it into a beautiful print-ready PDF by means of LaTeX.
I've even switched to Typora from MS Word.
Needless to say it is particularly convenient to publish Markdown on GitHub pages.
> Markdown seems like the one language that's most suited to a simple text editor
It is, by design, yet rendered view is more pleasure to write and to read.