https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/6175006?hl=en
The uploader specifically had to add "ad breaks" to the video for that to happen.
Here's an episode of a show for kids with 21 ad breaks in 24 minutes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ZbhdpLuYfE
Screenshot of the above video with yellow ad markers in the seek bar (youtube v14.31.50 on Android): https://ibb.co/gr8ZqjY
The best feature is that you can compile a playlist, through search, manual selection, etc., and save that locally to disk. Then play through the selection(s) as you like.
You aren't limited to playback through mps-youtube, as you can also use other tools -- mpv with its '--ytdl' flag will play YouTube (and many other sites') content, including from a saved playlist of URLs (see above).
There's a lot of good and useful content on YouTube. The platform itself increasingly gets in the way of that. I also don't want to be personally tracked or have my history recorded, so I (all but) never make use of the service whilst logged in. Given that I've ceased logging in to Google at all since the fall of G+, that's pretty much a certainty.
As others have mentioned, using podcast apps directly is another excellent option, and one I've been increasingly making use of.
(History of Philosophy Without Any Gaps FTFW!)