I develop mostly ASP.NET + SQL apps for a living, with some Ionic mobile and other stuff thrown in.
I use my MSDN Azure benefit (~$150/mo) to spin up an F4 VM instance with the latest Visual Studio Community base image. I have a disk separate from OS where I keep code, databases, and some powershell to use Chocolatey to install my dev tools. (everything is also in source control, but this separates data from OS and makes spinning up a new VM easier). I RDP into it and do all my work via remote desktop. Cost is ~75$/mo (out of the 150), depending on how much I work. If I leave the VM up all night it costs more. I use the build in Auto-shutdown to help with this.
I haven't tinkered with the new options to use VS Code over SSH, but RDP is working just fine in general. The one issue I can run into is if my client wants on-prem, it can be hard to publish to their production environments. In those cases, I usually resort to "cut and paste deployment".
I use a Surface Pro as my desktop, and it has mRemoteNg (a great remote desktop organizing tool), Office, and Chrome. I do have VS Code on it for one-off stuff, but no SQL Server Express, VS full, etc. as I always found those slowed down my PC. I also keep a chocolatey script for installing desktop apps when I get new hardware.
The end result is both desktop and dev environments are fairly disposable and portable.
Hope that helps! Let me know if you have any other ?s