I also meant a more specific application rather than a general iteration on the (perfectly valid) idea that if one can make more money with a value now, rather than later, and this opportunity cost is larger than the interest rate minus inflation, then the deal is good.
Student loans would be a good example of that in a well-functioning market. Are there many others?
Companies, like you, need tools to produce goods and maintain their operations. You, if you're a programmer, need a computer. You don't have $1000 to buy one, but you have a credit card. You know, you can bill your hours out at say, $100/hr writing code. You need to write code for 10 hours to pay for the machine, but you don't have $1000 to buy the machine.
So you put $1000 on a credit card at 20% interest, buy the computer and then bill 100 hours on it @ $100 / hr = $10,000 in just one month.
You incurred a little bit of debt, bought something worth a lot, but worth a lot more to you because you can leverage that tool to make more money than it cost to buy the tool.
Think of debt as leverage. It's a little bit of money pressing down on a lever to lift more money into your pocket.
If you only use that leverage to buy assets that help you make money (fairly easy) or increase in value at a rate greater than the interest rate (difficult, risky, speculative), then your net worth will continue to grow.
That college degree in a practical field like engineering is an asset because you will leverage it to earn more money over your lifetime than you would without that degree. Compare this to a degree in the proverbial "basket weaving." You, in your lifetime, will never weave $400,000 worth of baskets you'd need to pay for that University of Chicago degree. That degree is a liability that will follow you, perhaps your entire life and might make your life worse than it would be had you never gotten it at all. You'll resent that degree so much you refuse to work because every penny goes to some bank that sold you a worthless piece of paper for $400,000.
Companies are legal entities which can sign contracts, hold debt, open bank accounts, etc.
So are government agencies, unions, churches, mosques, guilds, charities. Does that means these are all people, legally speaking? For some reason nobody says 'the IRS is a person, legally speaking'.
Companies cannot marry, vote, file taxes as a human, get a passport or driver's license etc, because they are not human, legally speaking. They're just legal entities, as people also are, but of different types.
Don't get confused about the words used in the legal world around 'natural persons' etc; legal usages of words don't carry their common meaning and there are lots of examples of this you know.
Yes, they are.
> So are government agencies, unions, churches, mosques, guilds, charities. Does that means these are all people, legally speaking?
Yes, all those things have legal personhood.
> Companies cannot marry, vote, file taxes as a human, get a passport or driver's license etc, because they are not human, legally speaking
Being human, legally speaking, is different than being a person, legally speaking.
> Don't get confused about the words used in the legal world around 'natural persons' etc; legal usages of words don't carry their common meaning and there are lots of examples of this you know.
But since you are literally discussing what things are legally, your plea to ignore legal usages is...bizarre.
We are not in a legal context, so to use such language in a normal context without elaboration will obviously mislead most listeners. It is a false statement since it leads the listener to false conclusions.
>Being human, legally speaking, is different than being a person, legally speaking.
It is incumbent to explain this to normal listeners, otherwise you're misleading them.
The buyer is pleased, because despite the interest payments, over time the buyer is building equity in a fairly stable or appreciating asset. This is a great example of "worthwhile" debt, and the private market for mortgages is thriving.
Of course, when guardrails are thrown out and mortgages are handed out haphazardly, things can get a bit messy, as we know.
The reality is if you get a typical 30-year mortgage, your house costs you 3x the list price you thought you were buying it for.
>In 1940, the median home value in the U.S. was just $2,938. In 1980, it was $47,200, and by 2000, it had risen to $119,600. Even adjusted for inflation, the median home price in 1940 would only have been $30,600 in 2000 dollars, according to data from the U.S. Census.
https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/23/how-much-housing-prices-have...
Why 1940? Because Fannie Mae was created in 1938 after a housing crisis in the 1930's. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fannie_Mae
The majority of a person's labor throughout their life is now given to banks. It doesn't take 30% of your productivity for 30 years to build a house. It doesn't take 10 years for a person to build a house. You can build a 1,000 sqft house in a year with $50,000 worth of materials (even less) and a piece of land.
Where has the rest of the typical $200/sqft home cost gone? To the banks! That's $150,000 cash, and $450,000 total outlay of capital, if you buy that cash with a mortgage.
I propose, the loans themselves are the reason we now dedicate a decade of our life to our shelter. I do not believe this is a good thing. I do not believe this is worthwhile.
You will save money and have a better, more free life -- debt free life, if you save up enough money to buy land, plus $50,000 of materials and build your house yourself.
Loans enable every single level of the housing industry vertical to extract more money from you. Architects costs more. Utility services cost more. Building codes get more onerous. Builders charge more. Insurance companies charge more (since the houses cost more). Taxable values go up, costing you more. All of these increased costs are enabled and exacerbated by mortgage "innovation."
Everyone wants this except the first time buyer, but the first time buyer takes all the risk with a new purchase.
It is completely unbalanced. The younger generation is suffering the most and I think it's unfair and detrimental to the future of society.
Can you explain this or say what the alternative amortization schedule might be? In a normal mortgage, the initial payments are more interest because you're paying interest on more principal.
For the general public, instances of use include:
- Small but seasonal businesses. Farming is the classic case, but any sector in which receipts are seasonal (though relatively predictable) apply: hostelry, tourism, landscaping businesses, construction, etc.
- Small nonseasonal business. Writing or other contract work in which production and income can be disconnected by months, sometimes years. The risk is higher here, but can still be bridged.
- Large-ticket purchases. Automobiles, appliances, and electronics are typical. Numerous present credit banks got their start as the lending arms of large manufacturers, who could rely on a constant stream of incoming payments to advance loans to new customers, increasing net sales. GMAC (General Motors Acceptance Corporation, now Ally Financial, is the classic case).
- Revolving credit lines. These generally started as credit accounts specific to a given store, often a department store. They eventually became much of the current credit card industry, by way of Bank of America. Here again, the general principle is to advance credit, easing purchases.
Credit can be (and very often is) misused. But having a flexible payment mechanism on demand without requiring layaway or specific authorisation, and serving as a general check on other factors (credit cards have effectively been a social credit scoring system for decades) benefits ... at least some.
Interestingly, much of the actual financial risk gets pushed off onto merchants. Though costs of managing credit do land on the individual.
And no, I'm not much of a fan of the system. It exists, and has its uses, however.