dic = {k: v for k, v in dic.items() if k in other_dic and v == "bar"}

> "How could that be improved? That's 3-4 LOC minimum in any other language"

If I'm understanding the comprehension correctly,

    (into {} (filter (fn [[k v]] (and (get other-dic k) (= v "bar"))) dic))

Though, for readability, I'd likely write it as:

  (->> dic
       (filter (fn [[k v]]
                 (and (get other-dic k)
                      (= v "bar"))))
       (into {}))

Legibility is in the eye of the beholder.