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Comment by jdm2212 | Hacker News Reader

For the 98% of people who aren't high-value targets (CEOs, journalists, etc), a phone number is a perfectly adequate second factor.

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Especially in the absence of a universally available, universally usable alternative. The user experience of TOTP authenticator apps, paper recovery codes, and (so far) U2F tokens just isn't there yet, and the negative impact to individuals from being inadvetantly locked out by the loss of their second factor is massive.

SMS for recovery is deeply flawed, but it's 1) better than nothing and 2) better than any current alternative for the vast majority of people.

But... the experience of SMS as a second factor is also miserable. You don't have access to it when you're abroad, you can lose access to a phone number just the same as any other 2nd factor. In fact it seems more likely because there are other unrelated reasons that the phone company might take the phone number from you, in addition to the possibility of physical loss. In addition if you need to change phone numbers it is not easy to remember all the services that have that number stored as a factor to change them all.

But you can also gain back a phone number, by bringing your new phone to the phone company's physical location and presenting ID. That's not really an option with TOTP tokens.

I mostly agree with the other points (although I don't think I'm the only one with Wi-Fi calling and SMS, even abroad).

> But you can also gain back a phone number

...at which point the attacker has already taken over all your important online accounts and changed them to a different phone number.

Not without your password. The comment I was replying to specifically referred to the phone number as a 2nd factor. This excludes services like Twitter where a phone number can be the sole factor used to reset your password (which is awful security, obviously).

Also, you're specifically talking about SIM-jacking. The vast majority of people have upgraded phones, or broken or lost and then replaced a phone, far more times than they have been SIM-jacked. What do they do about their TOTP tokens in those scenarios?

That depends on the way the phone company operates surely? You can’t do it if you are abroad, or if it’s a prepay SIM and the phone company doesn’t know your identity. Some telcos will give your number to somebody else if you don’t connect with the network for too long.

Sure, you're totally right that in some cases, physically losing a phone also means loss of that phone number. But in 100% of cases, physically losing a phone means loss of those TOTP tokens.

For the vast majority of people, that's a dealbreaker, in spite of SMS being deeply flawed, as the comment you originally replied to said.

And, unless you're willing to say "tough noogies" if someone loses access to their token/app/codes you're back to the original problem of reliably verifying identity and ownership, especially in a virtual setting where telling someone to show up at a physical location with all their paperwork is not really viable.

I think the 1Password experience for 2FA is pretty good, even on mobile. Literally just have to paste the code.

It’s a shame people don’t know how to print out paper tokens and keep them safe.

To a good first approximation, nobody has a printer.

I assume everyone does have a pen. You don’t even need to write down all the provided recovery codes; just one will do.

How would I, a human being with no knowledge of cryptography or application security, know that?

I have two objections to this.

First, I disagree that only high-value targets are at risk. I think, in general, targets are at risk for SIM-jacking. You can be a target because you're Jack Dorsey, but you can also be a target because you suddenly get swept up in a Twitter controversy, or because you run a corporate social media account, or because an ex-partner decides they want revenge over something.

A lot of our security protects against untargeted attacks because they're more common, but targeted attacks can't be completely ignored.

The second problem I have is that high-value targets use Facebook, Twitter, and Amazon, and they should be able to use these sites without worrying that their accounts are by-default insecure. We're not talking about a local library account, these are the biggest tech companies in the world. The president of the United States uses Twitter.

I think that taking a strong stance on security is important in that scenario.

I'm assuming (hoping) that Trump's account is secured with a phone-number that isn't public and that can't be SIM-swapped. But who knows, Dorsey's wasn't.

You can be targeted just for ending up in a database leak.

... until you become a medium-value target for someone (maybe in a business-related dispute), and now your email is easily hackable

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