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Thermal limits. Lots of cores in a tiny space will generate lots of heat under a full workload. They can do full speed in short bursts (or when only one core is working hard) but can’t sustain full performance indefinitely without damaging themselves. The more cores in a small space, the lower the clock speed they can sustain for long periods of time.

Intel's Turbo Boost specification only allows for a few seconds of boosting. Of course you can overclock (letting it run longer than stock settings) if you have better cooling or if you won the silicon lottery.

Furthermore, I think the advertised Turbo Boost 3.0 frequency is single-core only. It will not increase all core frequencies to that level unless there is sufficient thermal headroom.

https://segmentnext.com/2017/10/11/intel-removing-all-core-t...

I guess Turbo Boost works only for short intervals, not continuously.