No, "quantum supremacy" is a technical term that has not been achieved before, and has not been claimed to be achieved by anyone serious. You may be misremembering previous claims called something different.
I guess you're right, I remember seeing quantum algorithms that were assumed to be more efficient than any classical algorithm and then people devised equally efficient classical algorithms. E.g. work by Ewin Tang https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.00414
They were definitely not being assumed to be faster. It was considered very uncertain. Quantum algorithms for which people are pretty confident there is no classical algorithm of similar speed, while still unproven, are Shor's algorithm (i.e., no fast classical factoring) and the present case of sampling for supremacy.