More important, 5th freedom is not a "low fare loophole" relying on an "old treaty".
Not all countries/stops allow 5th freedom rights in all cases.
Sounds like just journalistic exaggeration
Not all countries/stops allow 5th freedom rights in all cases.
Sounds like just journalistic exaggeration
They are famous among aviation enthusiasts simply as a way to get access to airlines that one might otherwise have to travel great distances to try.
If an airline based in A is running a flight A>B>C, they can’t feed any pax to B except from A, or carry pax further than C (without interlining). So there’s a bit more of an incentive to sell tickets B>C while other airlines flying that route can sell tickets to a much wider array of passengers (coming from pre-B (but not A) or going post-C).