I dabbled at reversing their Android app, but I saw some references to key rotation and got disheartened -- I don't want to spend man-weeks on this. I was hoping to see some URL I could hit and just get a TOTP secret.
To my uni's credit, they offer support for hardware tokens, and maybe someday I'll get sick enough of the phone calls to start carrying one of those around.
Edit: Thanks to commenters in sibling threads with possible solutions to extracting the secret.
There should be a URL that gives you a QR code for the TOTP/DuoPush enrollment.
I can get that the phone part is annoying but DuoPosh/TOTP and now the TouchID are probably the smoothest FMA solution for the enterprise I ever used.
(Incidentally, Duo does support OATH-TOTP and Yubikeys in native mode.)
Your "incidentally" comment is actually important: organizations have to enable these additional auth methods; mine does not support TOTP. If it was the case that people weren't forced to either answer the phone or use a crappy app to log in (and own a smartphone), there would be much less impetus to bypass it. The point is not bypassing 2FA. The point is bypassing Duo.