One thing not mentioned in the current set of responses is the REPL style and interactive coding style that you can have with a LISP that is different than what a traditional compiled language gives you in the edit-compile-run-edit loop or a dynamic language gives you in the edit-run-edit loop. When you are using a REPL you can poke and push at any part of the system like a debugger but the system is still alive. Without that interactive nature sometimes you end up doing print/debugger work to understand some quirk of a datastructure but in a LISP/REPL it's plainly visible and you don't have to think about it.

If it's integrated with an editor you can load functions or different versions of the function and see how each work with live data, you can slurp new data in, and all sorts of flexible dynamic things that let you find the program you want (which always helps when using third-party or unfamiliar code). This is more a feature of all kinds of REPL languages and not wholly specific to LISPs.

One of the basis of a LISP/Scheme language is that it is constructed of very few basic primitives that are assembled into a greater system and that greater system is part of your program instead of being things you don't touch (like libc), and you are (generally) welcome to touch them, alias them, or manipulate them to help your goal and program. This allows things like being able to temporarily hook a function call to add some debug information and then unhook a function call via a REPL and carry on. I find that pointing to people to r5rs https://schemers.org/Documents/Standards/R5RS/HTML/ and focusing on sections 4, 5, and 6 help show off how little is required to describe the basics of the language.