Umm that is exactly what happens with colonization - the colony grows big enough to be self-sufficient and starts getting its potential squandered by the home country's top down governce seeing them as a resource reserve instead of another part of their country.

Either things are reorganized such that they gain more local autonomy granted effectively losing the top down control or they break off. In either case they typically do better because of it. Even with problems in the aftermath they typically rise further - India for instance.