The reason why prices are so high is because of the complicated billing system that each insurance provider has. Medical providers have to create positions just for people to bill insurance.
It's gotten to the point where single-payer health care will be cheaper just because of the paperwork it'll save. (Not that I personally advocate for single-payer. We can also lower costs by correctly regulating private insurance.)
By the way, if you're into economics, look into Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. Kings used to do the same things to keep peasants busy while they profited. This is no different.
It's the same in Canada. Billing doesn't go away under single payer. Sure it's likely less complex, but someone still needs to do it.
Fairly sure Indian doctors make much less than American ones, because I don’t have the empirical evidence of that that you are looking for.