PS-> Who came up with calling it 'ortholinear'?
PS-> Who came up with calling it 'ortholinear'?
Many otholinear keyboard are in a grid, yes. I guess mostly because it is easy, aesthetics and it fits everyone as good/bad. Many keyboards have their rows at different height to adapt to the different length of each finger. But how much? Depends on hand size and preference it is hard to imagine one being mass produced.
I have tried most of what is out there: Kinesis Advantage, Maltron, Kinesis Freestyle, Matias Ergo Pro, Microsoft Sculpt, several Vortex...
Paradoxically, my best experience is with an Apple Magic Keyboard 2 (and I use Linux). I think that's because it's tiny, so I can move my hands and use mostly index and thumb fingers. Plus, actuation force is so light. Yet depth is acceptable. This is not a butterfly switch. A great side effect is tiny latency [1].
I also enjoy using the Magic Trackpad, which now works quite well in Linux. Scrolling using a finger gesture is very ergonomic compared to mouse wheels or even trackballs. At least for me. It promotes position variability.
Of course, these Magic Keyboard scissor switches are much more fragile than any mechanical one. In 4 or 5 years of intense use keys start falling apart. That's my experience with an equivalent keyboard in a MacBook Air. So, shortly, I will try to assemble a split keyboard with more shallow mechanical switches, inspired by the Magic Keyboard experience.
I'm in a somewhat similar situation, where I have a split keyboard with blues. It's pretty good, but the combined height of PCB + plate on top + standoffs and plate below PCB (the 'case' is just two plates above/below the PCB) + switches + keycaps is quite tall. I'm also going to try to make a slim keyboard in the near future.
The thing that splitting the keyboard (while keeping it flat) helps with is reducing “ulnar deviation” of the wrist (outward rotation in the plane of the hands). It is also possible to avoid ulnar deviation on a standard keyboard by changing typing style a bit, which is why some people have less problem than others with a single-piece keyboard.
What helps most is not splitting the keyboard per se, but tilting the two sides upward toward the center (the ideal is probably something like a 45° tilt, but even a bit of “tenting” helps significantly).
Having the hands palms-down and close together (as forced by a standard keyboard) ends up causing an unpleasant trade-off between (a) forearms rotated uncomfortably inward about their axis (“wrist pronation”), or (b) elbows swung forward or out to the side to reduce the amount of wrist pronation, in the process causing shoulder and back strain, or causing people to rest their elbows, forearms, wrists, or palms on some surface to compensate for the shoulder strain, and often in the process flexing or extending their wrists.
Wrist flexion or extension is really the worst for any kind of repetitive motion. It dramatically reduces strength and responsiveness of the joints, and can cause severe repetitive strain injuries. You will notice that typical human tools are designed very carefully so they can be used with a mostly straight wrist (or tool-user technique has developed to work around tools which don’t make this obvious).
Tilting the keyboard the right amount front-to-back to match the height of the keyboard relative to the torso can help quite a bit; most keyboards I observe in the wild are tilted incorrectly. You want the plane of the keyboard to be roughly parallel to the plane of the forearm. So on a tall desk, the keyboard should be tilted up at the back. On a low keyboard tray they keyboard should be flat or even tilted slightly down at the back.
If you have a high desk and low chair and you can’t change the furniture, you want the keyboard to be tilted (sometimes very aggressively) “forward” so that the plane of the keyboard is parallel to the plane of the forearms.
The keyboard should be kept close to the torso so that the upper arms can hang loosely down with relaxed shoulders. A bent elbow isn’t generally too big a problem.
You’ll notice that typewriters from the middle of the 20th century have a very aggressive tilt to them, to compensate for the standard high desks and low chairs (which were optimized for a middle-sized male to write with a pen, but made quite poor furniture for typically female typists.)
> wrists stay straight while the fingers drop downwards a bit
I have observed people doing this; usually their wrists are not actually straight, but are extended (i.e. bent downward), which is also a bad idea.
Resting palms, wrists, or forearms on a surface is generally undesirable during active typing in my opinion. It’s fine when the hands are not being used but are just sitting there.
Also, the fingers should not “drop downward”. The primary joint which flexes to type a key on a keyboard is the near knuckle where the finger attaches to the palm. You want these first knuckles to be straight when the finger is on the top of the unpressed key, and then flex downward to press the key; this is the strong and efficient part of that joint’s range of motion.
When reaching the near rows of keys, the further knuckles will be bent. When reaching the far rows of keys (which should ideally have tall keycaps) the further knuckles will straighten to reach the keytops.
My personal opinion is that the Kinesis Advantage is not the most biomechanically sound design; it was more or less a cheaper-to-produce ripoff of the Maltron, made by people who had done less thinking about typing than Malt. With careful attention it is IMO possible to significantly improve on both of those designs.
YMMV.
I agree. I use an Advantage, and while it's certainly better than traditional keyboards, I think it has a couple of flaws in terms of ergonomics:
• the keywells are not rotated inward and the distance between them is not adjustable. Therefore, unless your shoulder width is exactly right for this keyboard, you have to rotate your hands in- or outwards
• the thumb clusters are too far away. For me, if I relax my thumbs, they drop right in that little space between the space/backspace keys and the keywells.
• the thumb clusters are also too high, making it somewhat painful to rest the thumbs on the keys for longer periods of time
• the tenting angle is insufficient
(I never figured out, despite 'ergonomics training', how I was supposed to hold my extended hands and arms upright for hours per day without shoulder and neck pain.)
Traditional keyboards are simply not great for a lot of reasons. I experimented with tons of different keyboards and keyboard layouts mostly out of curiosity. You don't need to go far to feel the difference: microsoft curved keyboards are already much better than most regular keyboards.
Once you realize you can reduce finger travel by orienting the keyboard to the natural direction of the finger flexion you won't go back easily, and you'd likely want to go further with something you can orient in any way you like.
And yes, 'ortholinear' plays a big part in how you position the keys. I've used a lot earlier models of fully split keyboards such as the "comfort keyboard", but it never felt as natural as a simple linear grid, as I tended to put the keyboard at weird angles just to achieve what a simple vertical array of keys does. Heck, I'll go as far as saying that if you want to experiment without going crazy, the first step would be to try an ortholinear keyboard. It makes more difference.
I've personally settled on a Kinesis Advantage Pro. It does many things right out of the box. I can only complain about the function keys, but I barely use them anyway. It's not fully split, but the position is good enough, and it avoids the issue of fixing the keyboard pads to the table in order to avoid movement which is an issue I had with all split keyboards (and no, a rubberized mat is not enough).
I think the price is right for the build quality, and I didn't want to go the DIY route mostly because I have other projects going on (a DIY keyboard is a lot of work - I have plenty of respect for those who make even a flat one).
Edit: typo.