If a plane has 200 seats, and 400 people are willing to fly a given route, the airline sends 2 planes. Make it 401 people, they'll send three a day. That means each person who flies or doesn't brings the count closer to the next threshold, where the number of planes flying changes.
Of course, this is oversimplified, not as instant as I described it, there are price politics and what not, but you can still very much say the climate footprint of each passenger is (total plane print/passengers). The idea is not to make super accurate global calculations but to quantify individual behaviour without employing a super computer.