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Yeah but to what degree are they absorbed and used versus just peed out? What is the mechanism by which nutrients are absorbed? Does the gut recognize a nutrient indirectly only because it comes along for the ride with XYZ plant or animal? Or does the gut directly recognize the nutrient?

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Well if in blood test you are diagnosed with vitamin deficiency, it's treated with pills. So they are effective.

1. Take it together with food (containing fat) so it gets dissolved. 2. For each micronutrient check if it's in the best available form, and big enough dose.

Sometimes vitamin deficiency is treated will pills. I know people who have to get vitamin shots because pills don't work for their condition.

I always tell people treat vitamin deficiency with a healthy diet, if that doesn't work you have a gut problem and pills won't fix it either. I'm not a doctor, but it is a reasonable claim.

> Yeah but to what degree are they absorbed and used versus just peed out?

Considering multivitamins cost basically nothing, you don't have to care about paying for the stuff you end up peeing out.

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