I've actually thought quite a bit about this issue over the past few years. Essentially the problem is that students with parents who did not score well are fighting a constant uphill battle.

Grade families like classes. The "class average" should always be a C (assume for sake of explanation that a C is 2000).

C, the student's initial score (call it the "crude score", C) is computed the same way it's always been

P is the student's penalty, computed from a weighted average of all of their ancestors' crude scores (w_k...w_1) as well as theirs (w_0).

For the next generation,

set w_k := w_(k-1)

if C > C_av: w_0 = w_1 * w_2 else: w_0 = w_1

normalize w_0...w_k

P = (sum(w_0...w_k) - C_av) * urgency

Where urgency is a measure of how in need the disadvantaged groups are as well as their numbers. This can be adjusted manually based on the political climate, maybe by a DAO that governs the College Board on the Ethereum blockchain.