Sure. It's been a while, but the first one is that comes to mind is when we went over Floyd's Tortoise and Hare cycle detection algorithm. I realized it was a much cleaner solution to detecting cycles in a linked list than a solution I developed on my own over several days.
Another example: the automata class I took went over pushdown automata, and I immediately saw that it would solve the issues I'd been having with a finite state machine I was using to handle input for a game.
Oh and recently I needed to put different sections of a screen on different layers so that no 2 adjacent sections were on the same layer. I realized that this was basically just graph coloring, so I was able to find a solution in minutes instead of hours.
I'm sure their are people who can get through most of a CS curriculum on their own, but I'm not that disciplined. I've also never met anyone who was. It has been immensely helpful.