I google'd this - GCC comes close. There are built-ins for overflow-checking add/sub/mul arithmetic. [0] There are also compiler flags to enable explode-on-overflow or wrap-on-overflow, except for division and remainder. [1]
[0] https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Integer-Overflow-Builtins...
[1] https://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/manual/autoconf-2.63/h...