If your requirements are only high performance and improved type checking, then you are all set. The only language you need is C++. But the criteria above does not define all programming problems.

C++ is too complicated. "Nobody" writes C++, but a subset of it. Select your subset.

Dynamic typing in Lisp (and the like) is really nice for quick prototyping where program correctness is not key. You are exploring what you want to achieve with the program, be it algorithm level or architecture. C++ is not well suited for that, since type checking and memory worries are slowing you down, too many details to drag along. Hence no "silver bullet".