How does the browser verify that the AMP is up to date?
Isn't this whole exercise really just adapting public key signatures on top of old school caching?
With a http proxy you ask for an url, the proxy fetches or serves on behalf of the owner. This adds some circumvention around the way tls/ssl breaks that type of caching. But it should still be able to do a head-like request for a current signature - with no need to download the content again if it is unchanged?
Doing this on every page load breaks either user privacy (by making the origin fetch before the user clicks) or the preload performance gain itself (by blocking load while waiting for this round trip).