One very important difference is that the FSF is a 501(c)(3) non-profit, and the terms of its charter and of the copyright assignment state that the software must remain free in the future. Effectively, the only thing the CLA does is make it easier for the FSF to enforce the GPL on behalf of the developers.
On the other hand, in AMP's case the CLA allows Google to start distributing the software under a proprietary license in the future, if they so desire.
One example of this difference was the time when Gitlab stopped requiring a CLA, after being prompted to do so by the Debian project: https://about.gitlab.com/2017/11/01/gitlab-switches-to-dco-l...