People learned as much as today with paper and pencil. Digital books and tools are certainly convenient, but don't really contribute to the quality of the education.
There's this study by the OECD which finds that not only there is no correlation between maths/reading/science skills and the use of computers, but in some cases using computers only makes things worse:
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34174796
https://www.compareyourcountry.org/pisa-digital
In France they recently completely banned tablets and phones in primary schools.
Estonia, Finland, and Singapore have some of the best K12 education in the world and they barely use computers if at all.
The evidence is slowly piling up that learning, at least until before college (where most of the cognitive skills are learned) does not benefit from using digital tools.