Maybe we reckon with the issue that "understand" doesn't mean anything in the absence of it's implications and we rephrase the question. What do you view as consequences of deciding that it "understands"?
What we want is adaptability under goal permanence, meta-goals, usually called alignment. We want an intelligence that is very similar to us. And we like to talk a lot, and we can talk about everything, so we can represent our intelligence through talking, so a Turing test could be a great way to measure how human-similar two "intelligences" are.