Just make everyone's tax returns public. That's what Norway, Sweden and Finland do. Society hasn't collapsed when people know how much money their neighbor makes.
Anyway, isn’t it much easier for criminals to pick a target by simply going into a wealthy neighborhood? The American rich are much more segregated than their Scandinavian counterparts. That’s a more obvious target on their back than having tax data available on request.
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For some data, you can look at primary school districts (which are almost always geographically assigned in the US, and are usually much smaller than secondary school districts). They tend to have statistics on percentage of students that qualify for government subsidized meal programs, which is a good proxy for poverty. I'm well above this line, but have lived in districts where the numbers were as high as 91% and as low as 5%.