All of those things and worse. Remember these nations have vast armies, trillions of dollars of power, bombs, tanks and nuclear weapons, and can seize assets and restrict internet access easily.
On the one hand I think foreign countries griefing American businesses with arbitrary fines is lame. Perhaps they should start their own tech industries instead of leeching off ours. On the other hand, the notion of corporations having enough leverage to dominate sovereign countries - that's scary as hell. There has to be some kind of happy medium here.