http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_trilogy
The first book, Red Mars, follows the colonization from an initial expedition of 100 scientists to the building of a space elevator and the development of an independent culture.
It's a good mix of hard science, politics, and the interpersonal relationships of the original 100 colonists.
The only technological assumption I thought was a bit of a stretch is independent robotic machinery. They can use these to perform public-works scale construction or filter minerals out of the dust with little human input.