The vuln doesn't give you access to the actual accounts on the computer.
I think that if you hit Cancel there it would work just as well. You wouldn't get it logged into the domain though
So yeah, these types of vulnerabilities are very very scary.
[1] https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity/+bug/1777415
So it's likely it won't ever be fixed.
That said, I also don’t agree that this bug should never get fixed either.
Anything that caches anything to anywhere other than disk will be accessible. Your memcache, your redis, some databases, keychains, your non-userdata browser sessions.
In any case, half the examples you've provided there are server specific and you really shouldn't be allowing untrusted physical access to your servers (nor running Xorg to be honest).
Beyond this, the small but dedicated Slackware team is working daily to find and patch bugs when they do appear. You can look at the changelogs for examples of that workflow[1].
There's no such thing as a software project without bugs, but Slackware is consistently one of the most stable and robust OSes out there.