This is not directly true. Vanguard mutual funds provide 0.05% annual fee rather than ~1% annual fee to access the average return of an index (whether the index is the S&P500, or every publicly listed company in the US). While the low-cost has empirically provided a better (compounding) return for investors over the decades, Silicon Valley angel investors and VCs have generated their wealth from their own businesses, and re-invest some portion of it directly into the next generation of unlisted companies. The extra 1% annual return gained by accepting the average stock market return (at exceptionally low cost) is not what's driving startup investment.
That said, the lower expected average market return (because the stock market being relatively highly valued, after the recovery from the 2008 crash, due to both record low interest rates, and to some degree a blind movement of capital towards index funds) may have some impact on temporarily increased VC dollars, trying to chase some kind of reasonable return.