- We have a definition of what a cow is, and we know that cows are discrete/physical objects, and have relatively fixed locations (i.e. that they are not like an electron cloud with a probabilistic location).
- We assume that fields A and B in your hypothetical have clear, non-overlapping boundaries.
- We assume that we are working in a fairly normal universe with a fairly standard model of physics, and that due to the way time works in this universe, a cow cannot simultaneously be located in both fields A and B.
- ...
- (this could get really pedantic and go on forever)
The point is, even the things "we can know with certainty", are only as certain as the framework of observations/deductions/axioms/etc. that they rest upon. Almost nothing is certain on its own, without any further layers of reasoning behind it.