Building containers requires Linux, so I need to run a VM or build on another box/the cloud.
Docker for Mac uses HyperKit instead of Virtual Box. Hyperkit is a lightweight macOS virtualization solution built on top of Hypervisor.framework in macOS 10.10 Yosemite and higher.
From https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-mac/docker-toolbox/
I build Linux target images on either my Mac or a handy EC2 instance for deployment to AWS using their ECR as a repository. No difference.
Docker for Mac uses a relatively lightweight and largely-invisible virtualization layer now.
Docker switched from LXC to containerd in 2016.