It's not marketing speak, it's research speak. I have worked on a similar project (and will work on it again in the future), and I know exactly what they mean by those things.

General purpose: in the same way C is a "general purpose" language. It can handle arbitrary problems.

Distributed: designed to be used across multiple compute nodes.

Scalable: they've made the effort to ensure that performances increases as they increase the number of compute nodes.

Partially fault-tolerant: node failure does not mean the results of the computation are lost. "Partially," I assume, implies they can't guarantee this completely.

Continuous unbound streams of data: think sensors that are constantly sending more data. Or a stock market ticker. Or radio telescopes constantly monitoring the sky. Or a medical patient's various monitors.

The reason these terms don't resonate with you is that these type of applications - this type of programming - is something you're not familiar with.