I adopted a one year old stray cat and after a few indoor attempts he seeemed to be okay wearing a harness but trying to get him to go outside was impossible. He REALLY prefers to be inside.
I do have a small 15x15ft balcony with some plants and overlooks some trees. When it’s warm I keep a window open for him to go out and he definitely likes watching the birds and the bees that come by, but apart from that he seems to prefer being inside.