The latter can be easily done in a few hours by inspecting the image layer metadata.

Every layer understands the command it was run in the Dockerfile to create itself. Just look at `docker history` and have a look at the "CREATED BY" field for human-readable output of the layer metadata, or depending on your graph driver have a look in /var/lib/docker/image/overlay2/imagedb/content/sha256. From there you can reverse-engineer a Dockerfile.

For layers that were not built using `docker build` (e.g. `docker commit`, OCI-compatible image builders), re-creating the exact command that generated that layer is much harder to do. The only information most tools will give you might just be the diff itself.