Even investing takes up-front work in the form of research and to actually setup the investment.
Sure, appreciating assets are the best passive income, but the income is a function of how much money you already had / how shrewdly you picked the asset / how much research you put into it (back to work). I think the underlying ideal here is “passive income through talent, wit, or execution” - passive income that you’re earning based on your skills and ideas (or ridiculous dumb luck) not your existing money.
I opted for the second, so I haven’t done even a single side project in my life and have completely focused on my full time job. It allowed me to quickly grow my net worth and now I’m in the 7 figures after 8 years of full time work, and the effect of having large assets invested in index funds can be felt now.
So, I humbly think my “strategy” is also a form of “passive income through talent, wit, or execution”. I’m 100% sure that if I dabbled with side ideas and put in the hundreds of hours required to write books, courses, ... I wouldn’t have been able to obtain the impact I had at my job, so my net worth would be significantly lower.
As I said though, I thought about it a lot so I haven’t necessarily come to the conclusion that it’s the best thing to do, there are certainly other factors that go in side projects, such as personal satisfaction, pride and sense of ownership, which are only relative when contributing to an employer.