When shock absorber systems arrived, we went off road seriously.
When disc brakes hit, rims changed significantly. Centre pull 666 brakes stopped being trendy very quickly.
Gel saddles killed brookes but somehow they came back. Fixies and hipsters?
New bag technology made panniers easier and waterproof.
LED lights made old type generator systems redundant. wicking clothes made riding a lot more comfortable although a lot more pongy: wool and cotton don't stink as much. Bamboo viscose has helped there.
Frames now reflect human biology better. Women ride frames sized and shaped for their bodies by women.
Power assist is normal. Sealed gears like sturmey Archer live on in rental bikes (there used to be plant-and-moon orbitals combined with derailleur systems believe it or not)
You can see shaft drive bikes in the Prague technology museum from 100 years ago. I still wish they were available.
Trikes and quad bikes are trendy again!