Maybe WebAssembly will provide fruitful ground for new, simpler, and more rigorous languages.
I also think that much of modern web apps could be accomplished better with HATEOS apps doing pure server side. But I will allow that my beliefs there are at least partly nostalgic
If you subscribe to Gary Benhardt’s Capability/Suitability theory of programming history [1], JavaScript is the highly capable technology that can be used for any sort of architecture you can imagine, and Elm is a turn towards suitability that says, “some of those architectures are unsound or have a very low floor for quality.”
You might want to abstract over DOM APIs for different reasons, but at their semantic core they are fine.