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Standard initial training in most places are that train shooters is “shoot center of mass”; more advanced training is usually “shoot center of mass first, then...”.

Shooting other than center of mass drops likelihood of hitting a lot, and even most well-trained shooters aren't accurate enough to reliably hit anything else under conditions where you actually are going to be shooting in earnest.

Not particularly. You aim for the chest, as its a bigger target and easier to hit. And only aim for the head if that fails to stop them. At least that is what the Marine Corps teaches.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique_Drill

No because you will never hit a target that small. You always aim for the body.

They are not. The head is a small target. Most shooters are trained to aim for center mass, i.e. the torso.

No, you mostly aim at center of mass. Hitting someone with a gun is not easy even at short distances (stress, movement), so generally (and what is taught in shooting schools) is aiming at center of mass.

I don't think so. Unless the target is very close it's not that easy to hit the head.