It's not clear to me that these issues don't simply boil down to energy problems.

The limiting case: an endless source of free energy. Using this, it seems obvious that any carbon-emitting procedure can be mitigated, by capturing the emissions and storing them.

The question is whether concrete, cement and so on are viable building materials under this model; whether meat is viable; and so on.

Essentially, these are uncaptured externalities. If you tax the emissions at a higher rate than it costs to capture them, they will be captured, the question is whether demand decreases as a result of increases in cost.