True, though presumably if you have an automatable job, you're not actually employed as a programmer and as such may not have a clause like that in your employment agreement.
You probably do. IP assignment is boilerplate. I had it in my contracts at Ross (the discount clothing store), Radioshack, and a local cheesesteak joint between 2012 and 2015.
That's a grey area. It may still be considered to be a work made for hire and so the employer would own the copyright.