According to the case [1]. On Nov 23rd, 2013 Telsa filled Form 8-K with the SEC that Elon's twitter account was a means of official company communication.
So they can't say this wasn't Musk or Telsa's responsibility, or that the statement was unofficial. It was an official company statement meant to deceive investors.
I think the best he can hope for is a plea bargain, or that the SEC made a clerical error.
[1] https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4950588-SEC-v-Elon-M... page 4 section 13
That’s not necessarily true, and, I guess, what his lawyers will contest. I’m not a lawyer, but I guess that whether there was an intent to deceive can make a difference in sentencing, just as it is with murder vs voluntary manslaughter.
Edit to add: I suspect that questions of harm are more relevant than intent in this civil proceeding though, given the violation is about making material statements which are false or misleading.
Self-defense?
Also the Tweet started with: "I am thinking of". Not matter of fact, but just announcing what you are thinking of.
Anyway... maybe he can be CEO by proxy or focus more on leading the engineers.
It's definitely billions (about $10 billion short interest as of mid-September-[0], not including options contracts). I'm very much a small-time investor and I'm personally short well over a million dollars of $TSLA.