I don't think so - I think that the human may fail to find the correct label for the Elephant (although if they have some knowledge about Elephants they might), but the machine fails to see it - to identify it as a thing, and also it changes the labels it gives other things; so cats become dogs, mugs become books and so on. Humans are not prone to this.

>who are not trained to recognize the general category of mammals / animals

Does such a human exist? Other than perhaps someone blind from birth who had their sight restored, I don't think you could fine such a person give how conditioned we are to recognize animals, perhaps even on a biological level. Closest I can think of is animals that are camouflaged, and I think we would see many humans making mistakes on those. I've definitely have, especially with regards to insects that look like plants. But those animals specifically evolved to throw off predator detection systems.

In this case the object detector has been trained to recognize elephants. It's just never seen elephants in such a setting (living room).

It would be similar to a situation where a human, who sees an improbable object for a given environment, reevaluates his initial perception/understanding of that environment. I can't come up with a good example of such a situation, but you get the idea.