I thought of this question before, and I don't think so. I think a boosted IQ would precede boosted math problem solving ability, because it deals very much with abstractions and an efficient working memory: "suppose x = a, y = c, z = g, then if xyzabc123, qwerty." Each additional step puts increasing stress on the WM buffer since everything needs to be maintained simultaneously for I/O.

You can, however, improve your speed at solving well-defined math problems by practicing them a lot. I believe this would eventually utilize episodic memory (HD space) rather than WM, which uses a different mechanism. But the speed would probably not generalize to novel problems, which is what I think you're getting at.