You can't say it never worked even once for a trainee. It probably works with some of them. But for some it also kills productivity and incentivizes job flight when your trainees could be working productively and enjoying their jobs.
It's a bit like the death penalty- say for the sake of argument that having a death penalty on the books, in locale X, deters 10% of all murders there. Is 10% enough to call it a deterrent or not?
In terms of my personal experience, I learned some things in the compulsory sessions I've had to attend in various workplaces, but I don't suspect I'd ever have been a problem to my employers without them. A few people I've sat next to in this training still "offended" even after attending (or signing in then leaving) the courses.
In the end, I suspect it's mostly a cost-saving CYA measure, which mitigates damages when the company is inevitably taken to court ("You mean to say, Ms. HR director, that you never created a mandatory training program, not even a handbook?" "This is why, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, my client deserves 3x $50M instead of $50M, for the horrors he/she had to endure working at company X")